Dec 2, 2024: Our weekly Institutional Insights explores the latest market developments — market performance, industry news, exchange-traded fund (ETF) flows, trending topics, upcoming events and token unlocks — to help you supercharge your crypto trading.

 explores the latest market developments — market performance, industry news, exchange-traded fund (ETF) flows, trending topics, upcoming events and token unlocks — to help you supercharge your crypto trading.

Weekly Highlight — U.S. Economy Growth Driven by Improved Productivity

If U.S. economic growth is strong, why is the Federal Reserve considering interest rate cuts? This question was recently posed to Fed Chair Jerome Powell. Instead of focusing solely on the Fed's actions, we should explore the reasons behind the robust growth, and see how it can be sustained.

Real GDP is expected to exceed pre-pandemic levels for the second consecutive year. Typically, strong growth raises concerns about overheating, but inflation has actually fallen. Recent growth is largely due to increased productivity and a growing workforce, which are not inflationary and can help rebalance supply and demand.

A significant factor behind this success is the rise in labor productivity, averaging 2.3% over the past two years — faster than the four years before the pandemic. This uptick is linked to a surge in new business applications, especially in the tech sector, as the pandemic's economic shifts and relief measures lowered barriers to entrepreneurship, particularly benefiting underrepresented groups.

The boost in productivity also reflects workers moving to roles better suited to their skills, a trend accelerated by the 

. This mobility has been essential for productivity gains, as higher job turnover correlates with increased business dynamism.

However, sustaining higher productivity is a challenge. The Fed must avoid overly restricting the economy, as high interest rates can deter investment in technology. Additionally, a gradual cooling of the labor market, with declining job quits, is concerning.

For policymakers, monitoring labor market dynamics and business formation is crucial. If these indicators decline, productivity and growth could wane. The U.S. economy has made significant progress, and maintaining this momentum is essential.

Weekly Crypto Highlight — Sui Is Poised for Growth

Bybit has released the Sui ecosystem report, with its key takeaways below. (Read the full report 

: Sui has achieved impressive performance, processing over 297,000 transactions per second (TPS) while maintaining low latency. This positions it among the fastest blockchains available.

: In 2024, Sui's market capitalization skyrocketed over 1,000%, reaching $9.5 billion and reflecting strong investor confidence and growing adoption.

: The total value locked (TVL) in Sui’s DeFi ecosystem has surpassed $1.5 billion, ranking it 11th among major blockchain networks and highlighting its rapid growth in 

: The launch of the Grayscale Sui Trust has significantly increased institutional interest, resulting in an 89% price surge for the SUI token in Q3 2024, indicating its appeal to accredited investors.

: Sui is making strides in the gaming sector, introducing the SuiPlay0X1 handheld gaming device and various 

, enhancing user engagement and expanding its ecosystem.

Developed by Mysten Labs, Sui is a Layer 1 

 (PoS) blockchain launched on May 3, 2023. Its object-centric data model allows for parallel transaction processing, enhancing throughput and reducing latency. Its use of the Move programming language ensures resource safety through rigorous bytecode verification, mitigating common blockchain vulnerabilities.

: Partnerships with firms like Copper and Zero Hash strengthen Sui’s infrastructure and credibility in the financial sector, enhancing its offerings in digital asset custody and transaction facilitation.

: Sui’s DeFi sector is thriving, with leading protocols like 

 offering diverse financial services. In gaming, initiatives such as the SuiPlay0X1 device and various web3 projects bolster user engagement.

In summary, Sui is poised for continued growth, driven by technological innovations that are expanding its presence in both DeFi and gaming.

Advanced

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Weekly Institutional Insights: Sui Poised for Growth; U.S. Economy Driven by Productivity Growth

Chill Guy is a viral meme illustration that took social media by storm before a crypto project used the meme to launch a Solana-based token. Learn more here.

What started as a simple illustration of a laid-back dog has become a global meme sensation, with the cartoon character known as Chill Guy dominating both social media trends and cryptocurrency markets. Created by artist Phillip Banks in October 2023, the easygoing canine character sparked a viral movement that has attracted major brands worldwide.

This article follows Chill Guy’s transformation from a social media sensation to a cryptocurrency asset. We'll examine its viral beginnings, community growth, market impact and what potential investors can expect from CHILLGUY in the future.

 is a viral meme illustration by artist Phillip Banks, depicting a laid-back dog in casual clothes whose easygoing attitude took social media by storm before a crypto project used the meme to launch Just a Chill Guy as a Solana-based token.

What Does Just a Chill Guy Aim to Achieve?

The CHILLGUY meme coin aims to spread a "Why worry?" philosophy into cryptocurrency markets by embracing the laid-back, stress-free attitude that made the original meme go viral. The project transforms this easygoing vibe into a community-driven token, where being low-key isn't just a catchphrase — it's a shared mindset among holders.

The CHILLGUY community brings this philosophy to life by sharing endless variations of the CHILLGUY meme across social platforms. Through market swings and viral trends, CHILLGUY keeps his iconic pose: hands in pockets, subtle smirk, perpetually relaxed.

Just a Chill Guy (CHILLGUY) operates as a Solana Program Library (SPL) token on the 

 blockchain, leveraging the network's ultrafast speeds and low costs to ensure smooth trading. The token was created using Pump.fun, a specialized platform that lets users launch Solana-based tokens without any fees, removing traditional barriers to token creation.

CHILLGUY is a community takeover (CTO), meaning it's completely owned and directed by its token holders with no central team in control. This decentralized structure ensures the project stays true to its community-driven nature, its holders collectively guiding its future while embodying the laid-back spirit of the original meme.

The CHILLGUY token launched with a maximum supply of 1 billion tokens, of which 999,965,435 are currently in circulation. This near-complete distribution of tokens to the market supports active trading and community participation.

What makes CHILLGUY's tokenomics particularly notable is its widespread distribution across more than 142,000 unique holders (as of Nov 27, 2024), achieved in just 12 days. This rapid expansion of its holder base demonstrates strong community adoption and aligns with the project's decentralized, community-driven principles.

CHILLGUY has exploded across social media, especially on TikTok, where the meme has amassed hundreds of millions of views. Its laid-back character resonates with users worldwide, inspiring countless creative adaptations.

Major brands worldwide have embraced CHILLGUY in their marketing campaigns. From Sprite Europe to NFL on CBS, the character has resonated across mainstream media, even catching the attention of global figures like El Salvador's president Nayib Bukele.

The “Chill Guy” meme’s influence spans multiple social media platforms, with a growing community of followers: 96.6K on X (

). On the other hand, the meme token itself also has a vast community, with 39.9K on X (

) and an active Telegram channel of over 15,000 members. These numbers reflect the meme's ability to engage audiences across different platforms.

The token's popularity in cryptocurrency markets matches its social media success, with CHILLGUY maintaining a substantial 24-hour trading volume of over $330.03M as of Nov 27, 2024. This high trading activity demonstrates the strong market interest in CHILLGUY beyond its meme status.

Looking to trade Just a Chill Guy tokens? Bybit now offers the CHILLGUY/USDT Spot trading pair and CHILLGUYUSDT Perpetual contract. To get started, you’ll first need to create a Bybit account, then fund it with cryptocurrency and navigate to the 

While CHILLGUY has maintained strong trading volumes and continues gaining mainstream attention through its viral social media presence, investors should carefully weigh its strengths and risk factors before making investment decisions.

With its widespread brand adoption, sustained trading activity and explosive community growth of over 142,000 holders, CHILLGUY demonstrates significant market potential. However, meme coins are inherently volatile. Potential investors should 

 and invest no more than they can afford to lose.

CHILLGUY is the latest viral sensation to harness the power of the attention economy to convert social media momentum into crypto market success. While CHILLGUY has already demonstrated its ability to capture mass appeal, its position as a leading meme token will depend upon how effectively it maintains its cultural relevance and community engagement in this fast-moving market.

Intermediate

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Just a Chill Guy (CHILLGUY): Embracing the Art of Nonchalance

Zircuit (ZRC) combines optimistic and ZK rollups with AI-driven security, offering fast, low-cost Ethereum Layer 2 solutions. 

 network has flourished, mainly due to the ongoing network congestion, high fees and poor scalability of the latter. Many of these platforms use rollup technology, whereby batches of multiple transactions processed off-chain are bundled together and posted in bulk to the underlying Layer 1. Ethereum-linked rollups mainly come in two varieties 

 (ZK). While optimistic rollups boast lower computational overhead, the ZK variety of these networks features a higher degree of security.

Zircuit (ZRC) is a Layer 2 chain that adopts a hybrid approach, combining the elements of optimistic and 

. This lets the platform offer the performance benefits of optimistic technology along with the security of ZK validity proofs. To further enhance overall security, Zircuit uses a unique 

 (AI)–driven system of monitoring for malicious transactions.

 (ZRC) is a hybrid Layer 2 blockchain that combines the features of optimistic and ZK rollups, and uses AI-driven monitoring for potentially harmful transactions. 

 rollup development technology, a popular framework for building optimistic rollup networks. Additionally, it uses zero-knowledge proofs, which lets the platform offer the best of both worlds 

 the performance benefits of optimistic rollups and the security of ZK technology. Zircuit is 

The Zircuit project takes security very seriously, and has introduced a unique system of AI-based protection against malicious transactions at the sequencer node level. The use of ZK proofs and an AI-based protection system make Zircuit one of the most secure platforms in the competitive world of Ethereum Layer 2 chains.

Along with its excellent security benefits, Zircuit also boasts low costs, fast transactions, excellent scalability and 2-second block production intervals. All these features make it an ideal environment for 

 (DApps) in various niches, particularly 

 (DeFi). In fact, the leading protocols within the Zircuit ecosystem are all dedicated to the finance niche, with Zircuit Staking being the largest application by TVL.

With its heavy focus on DeFi, Zircuit aims to become a leading liquidity hub for various token types within the sector, including 

. These assets can be staked through the Zircuit staking program — supported by the platform's Liquidity Hub — to earn staking APRs, airdrop rewards and points based on the Zircuit Point program (covered further in our article).

The platform also operates a secure native bridging solution, 

, to help users transfer assets between its Layer 2 network and Ethereum Layer 1.

The company behind the project, Zircuit Ltd., was founded in 2021 in Canada by Dr. Martin Derka, Jan Gorzny and Angel Xu. Zircuit's testnet was launched in November 2023, but made headlines in April 2024 when the project reported that its 

 (TVL) had soared past $2 billion. While testnet TVLs are more a gauge of future potential for a blockchain than an indicator of its existing worth, the news attracted the attention of industry observers toward the platform. Following its highly publicized testnet success, Zircuit launched the first phase of its mainnet in August 2024. This was followed by the launch of the platform's native token, ZRC, in November 2024.

As a typical rollup, Zircuit uses an off-chain sequencer node to batch and organize Layer 2 transactions for subsequent posting to the underlying Ethereum Layer 1. The batches have ZK validity proofs attached to them to signal to Layer 1 validators that they’re free from fraudulent transactions. Zircuit's architecture also includes prover nodes, whose job is to produce these validity proofs.

However, unlike other rollups using ZK proofs (also known as validity proofs), Zircuit doesn't generate validity proofs for every block of transactions. Instead, some blocks have pre-generated template proofs, while others go through the process of having a dedicated validity proof created for them. After a few blocks featuring validity proofs, there are several more that utilize template proofs. The image below illustrates this approach.

The key reason Zircuit has adopted this form of proof design is that the process of generating ZK proofs is computationally intensive. By using template proofs for some of the blocks in a sequence, Zircuit can reduce the overall computational overhead. However, the project’s team has stated that the template proof model is temporary, and will be phased out in the future. At that stage, the platform will move to generating ZK proofs for each block.

Zircuit features a highly modular design whereby provers — responsible for generating validity proofs on the platform — can easily be plugged into or removed from the network. This modular approach is distinct from the standard ZK rollup design, in which provers are more tightly and less flexibly integrated into the overall architecture.

As noted earlier, Zircuit uses a dedicated sequencer to organize and batch transactions into blocks. The platform also applies AI-driven monitoring at the sequencer level (the Sequencer Level Security, or SLS) to spot and exclude fraudulent transactions before they’re finalized on Layer 2.

When transactions are first posted to Zircuit, they enter the 

 — a temporary area from which the sequencer picks and organizes individual transactions into blocks. The mempool is being monitored at all times, using AI algorithms to identify suspicious transactions. If a transaction in the mempool raises a flag, it's quarantined and assessed for validity before the sequencer can include it in a block. The image below shows how this process works.

One of the distinct features of Zircuit is its hybrid architecture, which combines the properties of optimistic and ZK rollups. At the base level, Zircuit is built using Optimism's Bedrock development framework, a technology popular for optimistic rollup networks. However, the use of ZK proofs — or, to be more precise, a combination of validity proofs and template proofs — ensures that Zircuit enjoys a security level that standard optimistic rollups normally can't match.

The use of AI-based SLS provides robust security to Zircuit, complementing the already highly secure ZK proof system. Very few Layer 2 networks in the industry currently feature anything similar, making the platform a true pioneer of AI use for sequencer-level operations.

Like any rollup based on Optimism Bedrock, Zircuit enjoys EVM compatibility. This allows for smooth interoperability with the underlying Ethereum Layer 1. EVM compatibility also makes it easy for developers familiar with Ethereum’s environment to develop Zircuit-based DApps, or to port existing Ethereum applications to the platform. Developers can take advantage of technologies commonly used for Ethereum (e.g., the Solidity programming language and the Hardhat development framework) to build Zircuit applications and smart contracts.

Zircuit Bridge is a native bridging solution designed to easily transfer tokens between Ethereum and Zircuit. It boasts high security, low transaction fees and fast transfers, and allows users to move a variety of cryptocurrencies between Ethereum and Zircuit, including ETH, 

) and LRTs like Super Symbiotic LRT (weETHs). As of late November 2024, the total number of cryptos supported by the bridge is close to 30.

Zircuit has launched a reward program called Zircuit Points. Users can earn these Points by staking supported assets, and by participating in the Build to Earn initiative (more on this below). Accumulated points will be converted to ZRC tokens in the future. Points also create the opportunity to qualify for token airdrops.

The primary way for most users to earn Zircuit points is via 

. The Zircuit Staking program lets you stake LSTs, LRTs, popular stablecoins, some wrapped tokens and Ether (ETH) to earn points. Using LSTs and LRTs, you can earn yields (along with native Zircuit staking APRs and Points) from the respective staking and restaking platforms that issue these assets.

Zircuit Points earned via staking have different multipliers, depending upon the asset. For example, Ether has a multiplier of 0.5, while LSTs, LRTs and stablecoins have a multiplier of 1. Multipliers for different LST and LRT assets may be subject to change in the future.

Build to Earn is another way to qualify for Zircuit Points. The program allows developers to contribute to the Zircuit ecosystem and earn Points in a number of ways, including:

Launched in November 2024, ZRC is the platform's native cryptocurrency. It's an 

 asset deployed on both Zircuit and Ethereum Layer 1. ZRC is mainly used for reward distributions, and participation in token airdrops for ecosystem DApps. Currently, transaction fees on the network are paid in Ether. It's possible that, in the future, ZRC might be used for some transaction fee payments.

ZRC is also used for rewards under the Gas Rebate program. As users conduct transactions on the platform, they 

. Zircuit’s Gas Rebate program provides rebates to offset some of the incurred fees. The amount of ZRC earned as a rebate is proportional to the amount spent on gas in ETH; the project's documentation states that for each ETH spent on gas, the user earns 125% in ZRC. All kinds of gas fee payments qualify for the rebate, including ordinary asset transfers and transactions involving interaction with Zircuit DApps.

ZRC is a supply-capped token, with a maximum and total supply of 10 billion. The token's supply allocation shares are as follows:

The ZRC token is available on Bybit's Spot market as a swap pair with USDT (

 to grab a share of the 5 million ZRC prize pool. New users who sign up for a Bybit account and complete identity verification can earn ZRC rewards by accumulating a deposit volume of at least 2,000 ZRC, or by depositing 100 USDT and trading 100 USDT worth of ZRC via their first trade with Bybit. 

Meanwhile, existing users can qualify for ZRC rewards by trading at least 500 USDT worth of ZRC on the Bybit Spot market, with the possibility of earning up to 10,000 ZRC based on trading volume. The 

 event will run through Dec 10, 2024, 8:59AM UTC.

Zircuit is among the pioneering Layer 2 platforms to adopt a hybrid design for a rollup network. Thanks to the platform's architecture, users can take advantage of low transaction costs, fast transfers and great scalability while enjoying the benefits of high security delivered by ZK proofs and AI-driven mempool monitoring. AI-based monitoring for fraudulent transactions is a particularly notable feature of the platform and is undoubtedly among the most advanced technologies employed in the blockchain industry.

User security combined with faster and cheaper transactions for the Ethereum network — all in one package — is now feasible, thanks to Zircuit's innovative technology and unique approach!

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What Is Zircuit (ZRC): Where Performance Meets Cutting-Edge Security

Bybit is celebrating its sixth anniversary with the #Super6Bybit event, offering a $1.2 million prize pool and focusing on its bbSOL token.

Daily Top Performer — Virtuals Protocol (VIRTUAL)

On Wednesday, the S&P 500 fell 0.38% as tech stocks dropped and inflation data reinforced a hawkish Fed outlook. Coindesk Indices, an index measuring broader cryptocurrency market performance was down by 0.40%, with Bitcoin and Ether dropping by 1.86% and 1.79%, respectively in the past 24 hours.

Today's top performer is VIRTUAL, which surged 53.6% following the launch of the $MUSIC token by Agentstarter, featuring AI-driven music video capabilities and community-focused tokenomics.

Virtuals Protocol (VIRTUAL), founded in 2021, allows users to invest in and co-own AI-driven virtual assets like companions and influencers. Its model fosters community ownership, transforming AI agents into revenue-generating assets across platforms like Roblox and TikTok. The platform attracts contributors from AI and gaming to drive innovation in virtual economies. 

, using AI to create music videos and offering features like animated videos, voice mimicry, and karaoke tracks. The tokenomics allocate 60% for airdrops, 20% for liquidity, and 10% each for the development team and Virtuals Protocol.

Check Out the Latest Prices, Charts, and Data of 

Bybit is celebrating its sixth anniversary with the 

, offering a $1.2 million prize pool and focusing on its bbSOL token. Launched in September 2024, bbSOL is the first exchange-backed Liquid Staking Token on Solana, providing liquidity and staking rewards. The campaign, running from November 28, 2024, to January 6, 2025, invites participants to build, transform, and supercharge their bbSOL through tasks, leaderboards, and community milestones, increasing rewards. The event combines gaming mechanics, community engagement, and opportunities to win prizes while promoting innovation and growth in the crypto space.

Yesterday, there were no flows in BTC Spot ETFs, including GBTC and non-GBTC categories.

. Stake BNB on Lista's portal to get slisBNB, then deposit it into Astherus to earn airdrop points with multipliers (3X for Lista, 1.15X for Astherus). No lockup is required, and slisBNB is the most efficient option.

Beginner

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Bybit Celebrates 6th Anniversary with $1.2M Prize Pool and bbSOL Supercharging Campaign

Blockchain

Bitcoin

Bitcoin mempool refers to a waiting room that collects a valid pending (unconfirmed) transaction until it is processed & added to the block. But how long do you have to wait?

Bitcoin-Mempool.jpg

Bitcoin is a cryptocurrency network that enables users to send and receive electronic payments anywhere in the world. There are no physical bitcoins, nor are there accounts in which bitcoins are held. Instead, Bitcoin acts as a form of electronic cash, and users can make peer-to-peer (P2P) transactions using the Bitcoin blockchain, which acts as a kind of electronic ledger. The blockchain is constantly updated by nodes, which share updated balances and data across the network. However, before transactions can be added to the blockchain, they must go to the mempool.

Before we reach the mempool, let’s understand how a Bitcoin transaction works. All bitcoin transactions are simply pending transactions and only exist in the mempool before it’s confirmed. Whenever a user initiates a bitcoin transaction, it’s signed cryptographically and sent to the Bitcoin network waiting for a miner to verify the transaction and add it to the blockchain. Every verified transaction is publicly available and accessible on the public ledger as a means to transparently record and distribute to the ledger of each Bitcoin transaction without being able to be manipulated.

 makes decentralization possible, but it has its limitations. For example, the Bitcoin network processes about 4.6 

 or TPS. Compare this to VisaNet, which processes 

. While some adaptations are possible to improve the scalability of blockchain technology, the system continues to be comparatively slow, which has led to high fees and occasional delays, particularly during periods of heavy transaction volume.

The blockchain was originally designed to allow Bitcoin to operate without banks, governmental oversight, regulatory agencies or other central authority. While Bitcoin doesn’t need external authorities to operate, it still needs to be capable of verifying transactions, which it does through cryptographic keys.

Bitcoin’s public-key cryptography act as identification for users, enabling them to access their wallets or accounts, and mainly to ensure the integrity of the transactions. Every user has a private key for their own use and a public key that’s visible to everyone on the system. Together, these keys act as a digital signature to authenticate transactions.

When two users reach an agreement about a specific transaction, the next step is authorization. Each transaction must be authorized before it can be added to the blockchain. This is done through consensus, which means that all the decentralized parties like the network’s computers, or 

 need to agree objectively that the transaction is authorized and valid. The owners (miners) of the nodes are incentivized to verify an unconfirmed transaction through the 

, or PoW, which requires them to solve cryptographic problems, or complex mathematical puzzles.

Once this problem is solved, the transaction is verified and can be added to the block. When the Bitcoin block is filled, it is added to the blockchain termed as finalization, and the next block is opened.

The mempool, or memory pool, is a virtual waiting room where it collects valid a pending transaction until a miner processes them to be added in the next block. 

Each node maintains its own mempool, and each node has its own storage capacity for unconfirmed transactions. When a transaction is confirmed and included in a block, it is removed from the mempool. 

Nodes share the mempool data by relaying the signed transactions from one another until it reaches the entire network. When an overall mempool reaches full capacity during periods of high transaction volume, the node prioritizes transactions judging on the bid 

 that are above the threshold fees. Any transactions that a lower than the threshold fees will be removed from the mempool and only newer transactions with fees that meet the minimum are added back into the mempool. In other words, higher fee transactions are prioritized to be processed and cleared from the mempool and to be added into the block.

The Correlation Between Bitcoin’s Mempool and Transaction Fees

If we think of the mempool as a waiting room, when it’s congested, there will be a high transaction volume waiting to be cleared. Typically, transactions move smoothly in and out of the mempool as they’re verified and added to the block, but occasionally, the mempool can become congested.

Periods of congestion can usually be traced to either a high volume of transactions or the trade hash decreasing abruptly. During these periods, the mempool becomes congested, and delays can occur, resulting in an increase in fees.

The term “trade hash” refers to blockchain mining difficulty. There may not be enough miners to handle the complexity or congestion of the blockchain at that moment. Therefore, some transactions must wait longer to be confirmed.

Each Bitcoin transaction sits in the mempool until it’s ready to be confirmed, but there is no single, overarching mempool. Every node has its associated mempool, and by default, the mempool typically does not exceed 300 MB.

When the mempool is congested, users have the option of paying higher fees, which can push their transactions to the front of the line for faster confirmation. On the other hand, the lower fee transactions will stay in the mempool, where they’ll remain unconfirmed until the congestion clears. Similarly, during times of minimal congestion when transaction volume is low, fees are correspondingly lower. Once a transaction is picked up and added to a confirmed block, it’s removed from the mempool.

You can check your BTC transaction status 

Understanding the Mempool Size and Transaction Count

The mempool size in bytes is a metric to estimate how long the congestion will last while the mempool transaction count chart offers a clear display of the influx of transactions that are causing congestion. The bigger the mempool size usually translate to a more congested network which will result in a longer average confirmation time and higher priority fees is required for the transactions to be added to the block. However, if the mempool size drops, it means a node has received a new valid block and ended up removing the pending transactions which are contained in the block from the mempool. 

Typically, the mempool size can fluctuate as it depends on the number of transactions that are being relayed. Since each node also has its own rendition of pending transactions depending on its capabilities to store unconfirmed transactions, this also explains why the mempool size varies.

 increases, it means the total number of unconfirmed transactions in the mempool is surging. Thus, a higher fee is incurred. For example, on October 4, 2021, Bitcoin’s mempool contained 4.25k of pending transactions, and the average transaction fee was $2.45. Compare this with October 25, 2021, when the mempool size reached a high of 6.6k transactions, with an average transaction fee of $3.09.

What to Do if There’s an Overload of Transactions?

During times of peak traffic, the Bitcoin network can end up with a significant backlog of transactions, increasing wait times and driving up transaction fees. When demand outpaces supply, miners have considerable leeway in choosing which transactions they’ll process first. In scenarios such as these, even those who have paid generous fees may be waiting longer than expected.

, including the fact that Bitcoin’s blockchain is not easily scalable — which means that it’s also easily overloaded. When dealing with periods of high congestion, you have the option of just waiting it out, or switching to the 

 to complete smaller transactions off the main chain, or paying a higher transaction fee.

Once the transaction has been sent, you still have a few options that can speed it along. If your transaction is stagnating in the queue, you can jump ahead in line with opt-in Replace-by-Fee, or opt-in RBF, which allows you to resend your transaction with a higher fee. Not all wallets support this option, however. If yours doesn’t, you’ll need to consider alternatives, such as “child pays for parent,” or CPFP. With CPFP, miners choose transactions that include the greatest combined fees. You can also use a transaction accelerator, which allows you to submit transactions that are at least 0.1 mBTC per kilobyte to the 

Finally, you can use the Lightning Network, which is a Layer 2 solution. The Lightning Network allows you to open a new channel, complete as many transactions as the desired off-chain from the conventional Bitcoin network, and then close the payment channel when the transactions are verified. When using the Lightning Network, you can essentially skip the congested queue, and your fees may also be significantly lower.

If neither the Lightning Network nor any other solution is an option, rest assured that even with stuck transactions, your bitcoin is not lost. It will remain in your wallet until the transaction is confirmed.

Every transaction must go through the mempool before it can be added to the blockchain. During times of high traffic and congestion, the mempool collects and stores transactions until miners can add them to the block.

The mempool also makes it possible for nodes to access other nodes’ mempools, which provides them with more details about specific transactions prior to confirmation. While most users want to spend as little time as possible in the mempool, that isn’t always possible — especially when more transactions arrive than can be cleared promptly. When a block is mined, all the transactions it contains will be cleared from the mempool, which decreases the size of the mempool accordingly.

Without the mempool, nodes would be unable to view incoming transactions, and they’d have no idea as to how congested the blockchain network is. It would be impossible to understand or pinpoint the source of traffic jams, high fees and other issues associated with congestion.

Waiting for a transaction to clear can be frustrating. While you might be tempted to blame the mempool, it’s a crucial feature of the Bitcoin network because it’s used to aggregate and hold transactions until they’re ready to add to the blockchain. Understanding how the mempool works can help you use it to your advantage to ensure your transactions are processed on time — and to decrease your frustration if they aren’t.

Bitcoin Mempool: What Happens to Unconfirmed Transactions?

Grab Up to 5,000 USDT in Rewards

Grab Up to 5,000 USDT in Rewards